https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/44439/archive/files/dc2c71a89322b47ac5c904578fe7f27d.png?Expires=1781740800&Signature=O2UoMKyyEXwYnOfj75bVWfckRnkn7nNaoTDAKuwoNzeHiTtjud50Y-ysb%7ECAkVe6v0vfoAqK%7EcHrD5AR-ytwaVDqJYL%7EYECTFPQh0gtiIMzRd00i-PO2LNyAS9%7Ef5whWWy5aYlvn%7EPB%7ESctoK1YZ4nzHEhJUAu-3MM00rMU7BnrUZb9-5woanLykWnjjk0eY3BXkpcXdkmvVRKPx0w53bjncJ3fhXaxO3q5r1QXhTrqoT6p8phRGl72oVvffDb7-W0PeMpz1p73if7Io72uE6x9kmm44h1LBUrzXu0fgO90%7EhCT8y9IKS175BoRKruReK1M4jstqpAkr6zMFEA4Zdg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 58eb73504e3b2008ac09198c27c78821 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/44439/archive/files/34c2474025ffcf3e9745be03d7bbc717.pdf?Expires=1781740800&Signature=W5Ov9RXAyTHOohvTsShBO5SUGBNvNXEFfwYbPKl6D5k1Tx7GGB9UgnCWGqkuHX3hB53kQqSEfZRU0KqhqyetqaUfFD48pYhqHmRuiVPiijIyvJuOT8jkldrgXNawbZrqVa7%7EP2Sv51E9ZAnMscN4S1EYZehwHRqdnUEX1csbSSxVLpc%7Ex58Q84L%7E7ji764GlEbNtlP%7EXsKtuFL8CX9lWVB8sPOnr1VSECbPMpqnUSRN4X31GNZj1EYNtgC%7Ex52oATw9%7Eb27RBtebR42yrgCRc%7Etn-lHs6igdeUcBVS2h0R2%7EuZZ540cBPI47pT2ccz7k%7EHglDbi2PVzOXAfzIJtnDA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 1c1b2f3d3956d6686036a5cc0b1ed320 PDF Text Text N 50 PP42907022 Issue 50 | May 2025 Centre d’animation François-De Laval Newsletter A PAGE OF HISTORY Demers the Indomitable By Martina de Vries During the long process leading to the canonization of a Servant of God (SoG),1 in this case François de Laval, the role of the Promoter of the Faith (formerly known as the ‘‘Devil’s Advocate’’) is to raise objections (animadventiones) to ensure that all the Church’s criteria for sainthood are met. Here, we will look at the lengthy combat of G.-É. Demers, the Relator of the Cause, to deal with each objection, taking a humorous approach based on the well-known series of comic books Asterix.2 ‘‘These Romans are crazy!’’3 Our story begins in Rome in 1918, in the ‘‘Place that Sends you Mad’’,4 in other words the Roman bureaucracy. The Cause for the canonization of François de Laval has come to a halt.5 The second Positio cannot be accepted, for three reasons. First, Rome needs to see more historical documents, from various eras, to examine all aspects of the first bishop’s life. Second, a commentary on the documents must be included, to highlight his virtues. And last, only the correct Roman jargon can be used. It’s enough to drive anyone crazy! (Continued on page 2) Drawing by Cyrille-Gauvin Francœur humorously depicting the struggle of the indomitable priests of the Séminaire des Missions étrangères de Québec (SMÉQ) to bring the Cause of Canonization of François de Laval to a successful conclusion. �Demers the Indomitable A PAGE OF HISTORY (Continued from page 1) Back in Quebec, the Seminary of indomitable priests suggests that the mission of drawing up a new Positio should be entrusted to the village’s most valiant warrior, Demers,6 whose skill and stamina have been tried and tested. He will be supported in his adventure by the Vice-Chief, Gosselin,7 and two Druids, Quentin and Antonelli.8 Georges-Édouard Demers, Relator of the Cause, depicted as a Gallic warrior by C.-G. Francœur. The Banquet From 1932 to 1940, our humble hero travelled around France to visit 45 archives and 5 public libraries, where he copied out 306 documents and excerpts, 126 of which were previously unknown. Quite the Banquet of texts! He quickly understood that the depiction of any historical figure is influenced by the point of view of his contemporaries, or the objectives and values of historians from a later generation. The seven Governors, eight Intendants and four King’s Ministers that Msgr. de Laval encountered during his lifetime were not necessarily his biggest fans. O tempora! O mores 9! Demers wrote to his friend Gosselin: ‘‘[…] I am worried about the documents concerning Msgr. de Laval since they almost seem to annihilate our hopes of achieving our aims. Since I arrived at the national archives [in France], the number of objections has grown and multiplied. Just this morning, a relatively long brief consisting of direct attacks against our venerable prelate was almost the last straw. What should I do? Copy it out and present it to Father Quentin? This would involve including a series of other documents to neutralize each assertion. Forget to mention it? Would that be fair? Perhaps I am being too fastidious, but if the same brief emerges later and falls into the hands of a historian of the Congregations, the blame would fall squarely on the ‘‘secretary’’ [Demers] dispatched by the Cardinal...’’10. This newsletter is published twice a year and sent for free by mail. It can also be found in PDF format on our website. We care about the environment. By voluntarily signing on to our Email distribution list, you will help us minimize our use of paper. If you write us at centre@francoisdelaval.com, you will receive all forthcoming copies in PDF format. Thank you. Saint François de Laval Issue 50 May 2025 2 Contact us Centre d’animation François-De Laval 16, rue De Buade Québec (Québec) G1R 4A1 Phone: 418 692-0228 Courriel : centre@francoisdelaval.com Visit our website: www.francoisdelaval.com Centre d’animation François-De Laval Newsletter | May 2025 Executive Editor: Jean Duval Collaborators : Daniel Abel, Martina de Vries, Cyrille-Gauvin Francœur et Gilles Routhier Translation: Benjamin Waterhouse Graphic design: lecourscommunication.com Print run: �1,000 in French and 500 in English Membre de l’Association des médias catholique et œcuméniques (AMéCO) Legal deposit: Library and Archives Canada ISSN 2290-3496 �In the end, Demers hid nothing. He ended his Banquet quite Dogmatix:11 to remove any doubts about the bishop’s saintliness, he decided to try a new approach, worthy of a plucky Quebecer, by Toutatis! He would confront the enemy arguments head-on, and beat them into submission! Each Positio generates new objections: 1911: Positio Pars Prima, Animadversiones and 174-page response by Mtre. Salotti 1918: Nova Positio, Novae Animadversiones dated March 28, 47-page response by Msgr. Verde, considered insufficient July 2, 1918: Aliae Novae Animadversiones, which brought the Cause to a halt: Demers was asked to provide the advocate for the Cause with suitable documentation to make a response 1956: Altera Nova Positio by Demers, followed by the 260-page response to the objections of 1918 by Mtre. Mariani published in the Novissima Positio of 1958 1959: Novissimae Animadversiones and 44-page response by Msgr. Tedeschini 1960: the Cause is accepted and François de Laval is declared Venerable. The Big Fight: 12 Gallicans versus Ultramontanists In the 17th century, the separation of powers between Church and State was defined differently, and the ‘‘Chiefs’’ of the two factions were locked in a power struggle. If we look only at the letters sent by the King or his Ministers in France to the Governors and Intendants in Canada, they paint a vivid picture: François de Laval was a would-be Caesar who had overstepped his authority and kept the population shackled in strict moral rules that hindered the growth of the Empire. Frontenac, a member of the Gallican camp, did not hold back and sent Minister Colbert a true ‘‘arsenic cake’’:13 his brief dated 1677.14 In it, he wrote ‘‘Virtually all the disorders in New France can be traced back to the ambition of the ecclesiastics who, hoping to combine spiritual authority with absolute power over temporal matters, cause all those who are not entirely submissive to suffer and complain.’’ How would our hero, Demers, counterattack? He began by preparing the ground for battle: ‘‘The manuscript was not unknown […] but until now it had not been taken into consideration by the Cause and was completely omitted from the various Positiones. It is now included here for the following reasons: (1), to shed more light on the relationship between the SoG and Frontenac, which all the Canadian historians have addressed; and (2), to make it possible to see and judge whether the facts assembled against the SoG are true and deserve such opprobrium.’’ Governor Frontenac, portrayed as Julius Caesar by C.-G. Francœur. Demers went even further. Now a legionary, he refused to take refuge in a defensive ‘‘Tortoise’’ formation and, hiding nothing, launched a frontal attack: ‘‘After a quick examination of the brief, two points emerge: (1) the facts are generally based on reality, or in other words are not mere calumny; and (2) in Frontenac’s account, the facts are twisted and misinterpreted […] an unusually great ambition to govern, nourished and protected by Gallican principles, to which he adhered strictly […] he (Continued on page 4) Centre d’animation François-De Laval Newsletter | May 2025 3 �Demers the Indomitable A PAGE OF HISTORY (Continued from page 3) 1. In 1925-1926, Demers went to France to help the Postulator find and copy archival documents. His travel diary has been carefully preserved. 2. On February 6, 1930, the Cause was transferred to the new Historical Section of the Congregation of Rites, with a new procedure that cancelled Demers’ earlier work. 3. In 1930, Demers worked under the supervision of Fr. Henri Quentin. 4. In 1935, Fr. Quentin died and was replaced by Msgr. Antonelli, who accompanied Demers to the end. 5. From 1932 to 1940, Demers travelled across Canada and Europe in search of documents for his arguments. 6. From 1940 to 1952, Demers had to return to Canada: it was wartime. 7. In 1956, Demers’ colossal Altera Nova Positio was published. An ancient Roman army defensive formation known as the Tortoise. Photo : Wikipédia monitored the movements of missionaries, intercepted letters, refused to allow Msgr. de Laval’s vicar general to attend Sovereign Council meetings, etc. It is clear that with such a contentious Governor, a bishop of the mettle of Msgr. de Laval was bound to have difficulties. And so it proved. […] Without going into detail, suffice it to say that Frontenac took such an incendiary approach in all these controversies that even the Court of Paris, where he enjoyed the full favour, found his conduct imprudent and finally recalled him to France in 1682.’’ The Mansions of the Gods: 15 the place of honour in church Before Frontenac, another Governor, Argenson, had complained about the bishop: ‘‘I sent you, in the first vessel, the rules I asked for concerning incense in church, because Msgr. de Petrea [François de Laval] claims that the Governor should only be incensed after the choir […] He also created more difficulty about the consecrated bread that I present at Easter, which he did not want to be carried into church with drums and pipes.’’16 Demers countered with a triple array:17 ‘‘We believe it is useful here to clarify some of the protocol of the period: (1) the SoG arrived in a country where the lack of ecclesiastical dignitaries had led to honorary practices being bestowed on the Governor, who had pride of place in all civil and religious ceremonies; (2) during this period, the France of Louis XIV was steeped in Gallicanism. The smallest infringement 4 Demers’s Twelve Tasks25 Centre d’animation François-De Laval Newsletter | May 2025 8. Between 1956 and 1958, Antonelli was slow to complete the file, and Demers suggested returning to Rome to help him. 9. During the same period, the offices of the Congregation of Rites moved, delaying the project by several months. 10. Demers suggests an “expensive but expeditious” lawyer to draft the replies to the Aliae Novae Animadversiones of 1918. 11. In 1959, Demers published the 9th Positio, to which he attached the answers. 12. François de Laval is recognized as venerable. Demers is finally able to rest. by the civil authorities of the ecclesiastical affairs of the young Church in New France, even at an honorific level, could have had a negative impact for the future; and (3), the struggle for honours between the Governor and the Bishop went beyond their strictly personal rights; however, in the eyes of the people, the hierarchical position of the Church and the State was determined by the honours they respectively received.’’ Warm beer18 Even heroes can sometimes become discouraged. Our own Demers found so many briefs ‘‘stuffed with patently false information’’ that he wrote to his close friend Gosselin about his doubts: ‘‘This is all a big hindrance. […] Is it true that Msgr. de Laval took such strong action to distance the Recollects from their ministry? He was clearly not well disposed towards them, since they were undermining his own work by absolving the liquor traders … […] Is it true that the disorder caused by the liquor trade was greatly exaggerated? A Canadian suggested this to me just a few days ago, but can the reports from the Governors who claimed to speak sincerely with �Abbé Amédée Edmond Gosselin, vice-postulator of the Cause, represented as Gaulish Chief by C.-G. Francœur no regard for their own personal interests support the statements made by Msgr. de Laval and the Jesuits?...19’’. Demers needed a healthy dose of magic potion to continue his mission. Luckily, Gosselin sent him some documents from the Quebec Seminary archives that supported the point of view expressed by Msgr. de Laval. rable SoG came from his obstinacy and desire to control everything. […] He takes issue throughout the book with the devotional approach that the venerable SoG was expected to represent in the colony. He wanted nothing to do with the subordination and submission of the State to the Church. […] Of all the French and Catholic historians in Canada, Garneau is the only one to criticize the venerable SoG for his hard nature and his goal of dominating everything and everyone. […] There can be no doubt that if, in 1845, Garneau had had access to the official correspondence and letters of the venerable SoG preserved in the Seminary archives, he would have made considerable changes to his book. It is clear, from reading Garneau’s book, that he stuck too closely to correspondence from the Governors complaining about the venerable SoG, and that he was not aware of the other side of the discussion […].’’ Render unto Caesar the things that are Caesar’s22 Next, Demers summoned the cavalry: two esteemed authors23 who highlighted François de Laval’s admirable response to attacks by the Governors: ‘‘All these arbitrary actions by the Governor [in this case, (Continued on page 6) ‘‘Enlist in the legions, they said!’’20 In the third part of the ANP, Demers called up his reinforcements, quoting testimony from the apostolic inquiries forwarded by Gosselin that supported his position. The Devil’s Advocate had cited the unfavourable opinions of the historians Parkman and Garneau. Our hero responded by pointing to the statements of public notary J. E. Roy, mentioning that ‘‘his serene conclusions about the works of Msgr. de Laval in general and various authors, such as the protestant Parkman and liberal Garneau, concerning their views on the SoG, are worthy of attention.’’21 Roy explains his position: ‘‘The historian Parkman believed that the strength of character of the vene- Governor Mésy wearing an Attic helmet by C.-G. Francœur Centre d’animation François-De Laval Newsletter | May 2025 5 �Demers the Indomitable A PAGE OF HISTORY (Continued from page 5) Mésy], his hostile attitude to the clergy and missionaries, did not trouble the patient firmness and merciful goodness of the Bishop of Petrea.’’ ‘‘He [Msgr. de Laval] responded to insults and insolence with silence and resignation. He prayed, and asked for prayers for his former friend. Whether through charitable opinions, well-founded arguments, or severe reprimands, he spared no effort to bring him back to his dutiful path; but all these wellintentioned acts only irritated him further.’’ Veni, vidi, vici ! 24 The notary J.E. Roy concluded as follows: ‘‘I would, however, like to point out, after reading through the correspondence from the period, that there is a striking contrast between the haughty tone, mockery and harshness of the letters from the Governors and Intendants and the never less than dignified, meek and considered tone of the Venerable’s own correspondence. […] It is remarkable that one of their leading writers, Father Chrestien Le Clercq [a Recollect], who wrote with acid wit, criticized practically everything in his books and was said to have been a spokesman for Frontenac, spoke in glowing terms of the venerable SoG, praising the purity of his intentions and proclaiming the holiness of his life.’’ It is clear that whatever the criticism levelled at François de Laval, the indomitable Demers was ready to take his side. And his combat led to victory: Msgr. de Laval became a Venerable in 1960, a Blessed in 1980 and a Saint in 2014! 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 6 The first title granted by the Catholic Church to a person after his or her death once a diocese has begun the beatification process. It is followed by the titles Venerable, Blessed and Saint. A series of comic books and animated films featuring the character of Asterix, created in 1959 by René Goscinny and Albert Uderzo. The catchphrase of Obelix, who finds the strangers’ mindset puzzling. In the animated film The Twelve Tasks of Asterix, 1976, the 8th task. For a full history of the Cause, see M. de Vries, Sainthood - not an easy path, Newsletter no. 38, p. 1-6 : https://sfdl.omeka.net/items/show/9922 Georges-Édouard Demers, Relator of the Cause for the canonization of François de Laval and author of the Altera Nova Positio of 1956 (ANP), which brought the Cause to a successful conclusion. Amédée Edmond Gosselin, Vice Procurator of the Cause in Quebec City and a correspondent of Demers during his Twelve Tasks in Rome. Centre d’animation François-De Laval Newsletter | May 2025 The French Agent: 26 The 1682 Declaration of the Clergy of France One of the objections raised by the Devil’s Advocate concerned the Declaration of the Clergy of France, a fourarticle document that stated that Gallican rights prevailed over the rights of Rome. Demers wrote: ‘‘According to some of the witnesses in the ordinary and apostolic investigations, who were influenced by an erroneous statement made by Abbé Langevin, the SoG, to avoid signing the Four Articles, refused to attend the meeting of the Sovereign Council where their acceptance was proposed. The SoG’s presumed failure was the basis for several objections raised by the Promoter of the Faith, who claimed that the SoG was absent from the Sovereign Council at a time when he should have been defending the rights of the Sovereign Pontiff against the abuses of the Gallican church.’’ To prove that the statement was false, Gosselin asked the provincial archivist, P.-G. Roy, to produce a statement showing that Msgr. de Laval had never been absent from meetings of the Council during the period concerned and that, in fact, the Four Articles were never presented for registration before the Sovereign Council.26 8 Father Henri Quentin was the first Relator General of the Cause. On his death in 1935, he was replaced by Msgr. Ferdinando Antonelli. 9 ‘‘Oh the times! Oh the customs!’’ (Asterix and the Chieftain’s Shield, 1968, p. 5) The quote is from the Catilinarian orations by Cicero, a reproach to the morals of contemporary youth. 10 Letter from Demers to Gosselin, August 2, 1933. 11 Dogmatix is a dog who first appeared in Asterix and the Banquet, published in 1965, on page 13. He followed the two protagonists from town to town and, at the end of the book, Obelix notices him and decides to adopt him on p. 48. 12 Asterix and the Big Fight, 1966. 13 The ‘‘Arsenic Cake’’ song is from the 1968 animated film Asterix and Cleopatra. An envious architect who wants to obtain the Queen’s contract for himself sends her a poisoned cake, supposedly from our heroes, to make her believe they are trying to kill her. 14 ANP, Doc. 47: Brief from Frontenac to Colbert dated 1677, and a long rebuttal from Demers correcting the Governor’s statements: https://sfdl.omeka.net/items/show/17733 15 The Mansions of the Gods, 1671 16 ANP Doc. 19-3: Letter from Argenson to his brother, December 1660, and rebuttal by Demers: https://sfdl.omeka.net/admin/items/show/17713 17 The triple array was the most common Roman military formation during Caesar’s war against the Gauls. The troops were arranged in three lines: younger soldiers, elite troops, and veterans. 18 Asterix in Britain, 1966, p. 15. 19 Letter to Gosselin cited above. 20 A running gag, when a disappointed legionary remembers the promises made during the recruitment campaign. It first appears in Asterix and the Banquet, 1965, p. 10. 21 ANP, Doc. 71-6: https://sfdl.omeka.net/items/show/14903 22 Matthew 22:21: ‘‘Render unto Caesar the things that are Caesar’s’’. In other words, the merit belongs to the inventor and should not be appropriated. 23 Rochemonteix, Les Jésuites et la Nouvelle-France au 17e siècle, 1895-1896, vol. 2, p. 337-338 and Gosselin, Vie de Mgr de Laval, vol. 1, p. 447-448. 24 ‘‘I came, I saw, I conquered’’, as Caesar allegedly wrote to the Senate after his victory at Zela in 47 B.C. It was used in the comic book series after his victory over the Gauls under Vercingetorix (Asterix the Gaul, p. 14). 25 The Twelve Tasks of Asterix, animated film, 1976, in which Caesar challenges our heroes to complete 12 so-called impossible challenges to prove that they really are unbeatable. 26 Asterix and the Roman Agent, 1970, in which Caesar sends an infiltrator to stir up trouble in the village and make it easier to subdue. 27 ANP, Doc. 73, testimony by Pierre-Georges Roy, August 30, 1929: https://sfdl.omeka.net/admin/items/show/17819 �NEWS By Jean Duval A number of the events held to commemorate St. François de Laval are often unknown and deserve a mention. Feel free to share them with us. 1 Salle Laval in Paris On March 30 of this year, the authorities at the Paris Foreign Missions Society (Missions étrangères de Paris, or MÉP, formerly known as the Séminaire des Missions étrangères de Paris), opened a room dedicated to François de Laval, achieving its goal of honouring its four founding members: Pierre Lambert de La Motte, Ignace Contolendi, François Pallu and François de Laval. Gilles Routhier, Superior General of the Quebec Seminary, was asked to unveil a commemorative plaque in the presence of Father Étienne Frécon, the Society’s Vicar General, and to speak about the close links between the founders of the Seminaries of Paris and Quebec. 2 Go out to meetings of all kinds! In addition to the permanent exhibition about François de Laval, seen by over 180,000 people, the Centre has set up a temporary exhibition for the 2025-2026 season based on the latest painting by Daniel Abel (see next page). It shows Saint François, who spared no effort to meet with and share hope among the poor and sick and people from other cultures. The exhibition is a joint production with the parish and festival corporation of Notre-Dame de Québec. Free admission. One of the illustrations for the exhibition by Cyrille-Gauvin Francœur 3 Saint François de Laval rosary A The souvenir shop at Notre-Dame cathedral in Quebec City recently began selling the ‘‘Saint François de Laval’’ rosary. In addition to 50 green beads, it includes a picture of the Holy Family, a devotion of François de Laval, along with the logo for the jubilee year, and a cross based on the pectoral cross worn by the Saint. It is also available on the Center’s website. Photos : Fonds Daniel Abel 4 Recumbent effigies of Msgr. de Laval: B a reaffirmation At the recent international seminar on medievalism in Quebec, which was held the Augustinian Monastery in Quebec City from February 6 to 8, one of the guest speakers was Hugues Dupuis, master of art history at Laval University. He pointed out that recumbent effigies are rarely found in Quebec funerary art. Even more surprisingly, two of these figures represent the same person, François de Laval, one in Notre-Dame de Québec cathedral (A) and the other in the exterior chapel at the Quebec Seminary (B). Photos : Fonds Daniel Abel Centre d’animation François-De Laval Newsletter | May 2025 7 �ICONOGRAPHY A new visual design for the Novena to the Founders of the Catholic faith in Canada. Design: Cyrille-Gauvin Francœur A moment of grace Artist Daniel Abel has added a new painting to his body of work about Saint François de Laval. ‘‘For a long time I wanted to show the missionary without the trappings of a bishop. I had the idea of showing him in the forest. With a friend, Jean-Claude Filteau, we thought up an allegory, where all the elements around the main subject are part of the message’’. QUOTE Daniel Abel, oil on canvas, 2025, 61.4 x 91.4 cm (24 x 36 in.) Here is a note that François de Laval could have written at the age of 46, as a man in his prime who carried with him the rich spiritual heritage received from his teachers. – Jean-Claude Filteau On a fine fall day in 1669, the tenth year after my return to Quebec, I was coming back from a pastoral visit to Tadoussac with my companion, a sturdy backwoodsman. When we got to the place known as La Male Baie, we stopped to contemplate the game-filled forest and the salmon leaping upstream. On an impulse, I suggested to my companion that he should take advantage of the site to use some of his old skills for a few days. I would look after the camp and rest a little. For some time, I had in fact been dreaming about stopping for a time of contemplation and prayer, alone with my Lord, as I used to do as a member of Les Bons Amis. Surrounded by beauty, I wanted to nestle for a time in His Grace. Centre d’animation François-De Laval www.francoisdelaval.com Next issue: December 2025 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Newsletter no 50 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Recherche Description An account of the resource Cette collection comprend les articles de périodiques, revues, journaux, chapitres de livres, livres ou études publiées sur François de Laval Texte A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Duval, Jean Vries, Martina de Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Abel, Daniel Filteau, Jean-Claude Routhier, Gilles Waterhouse, Benjamin Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. Saint François de Laval : Centre d'animation François-De Laval Newsletter Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2025-05 Title A name given to the resource Saint François de Laval : Centre d'animation François-De Laval Newsletter, no 50 Language A language of the resource Français Type The nature or genre of the resource Articles de périodiques Table Of Contents A list of subunits of the resource. p. 1-6 : <em>Demers the Indomitable </em>by Martina de Vries: the fight of relator general Geroges-Édouard Demers to answer the objections to the Cause of canonisation of Laval<br />p. 7 : News <br />p. 8 : Iconography : <em>A moment of grace</em>, painting by Daniel Abel, and accompanying text by Jean-Claude Filteau Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Read the <a href="https://sfdl.omeka.net/files/show/15013">whole text</a> of the Newsletter Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context CFYCCV2C Description An account of the resource Founded in 1993 by the Séminaire de Québec, the Centre d'animation François-De Laval publishes a newsletter twice a year to raise awareness about the first bishop of Québec, who has since been canonized. Access the <a href="https://sfdl.omeka.net/bulletin-du-centre-danimation-francois-de-laval">complete collection here</a>. Brèves Étapes vers la vénérabilité (1890-1960) Oeuvres d’art